ABSTRACT
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan in December 2019, is a new infectious disease. The disease is highly contagious, and the correct selection of effective disinfectants is essential. This article analyzed the environmental resistance of coronavirus and its sensitivity to commonly used disinfectants by reviewing domestic and foreign literatures, and concluded that coronavirus has strong survivability in the environment, but it can be efficiently inactivated by most disinfectants. However, it should be noted that the commonly used concentration of chlorine-containing disinfectants (effective chlorine concentration of 500 mg/L) cannot quickly kill coronavirus, and a concentration of 1 000 mg/L or higher is required. Other biocidal agents, such as benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate, are less effective. This article aimed to provide references for selecting the appropriate disinfectants and disinfection methods to cut off the spread of the virus.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To understand the current management situation and problems of residual drugs in medical institutions in China ，evaluate the practice effect of corresponding control mode of our hospital and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the production of residual drugs and standardize its management. METHODS ：By random sampling ，30 third-level hospitals and 20 second-level hospitals in different regions were selected respectively during May 1st to 31st in 2019. For the pharmaceutical personnel，doctors，nurses and other non-pharmaceutical personnel ，a self-designed questionnaire on the status quo of residual drugs in medical institutions was issued. Excel 2010 software was used to count basic data of valid questionnaire ，and the causes ， management status ，disposal status and possible hazards of residual drugs in medical institutions were analyzed. A management mode of residual drugs was established and implemented （involving reducing the generation of sources ，implementing process management，and strictly implementing disposal ）. The effects of the model were evaluated ，then the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward . RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out ，and 311 valid questionnaires were collected with effective recovery rate of 77.75％. The causes of drug residual were complicated ，which included the“combination”of the same drugs ，the pre-order dispensing ，adverse drug reactions ，poor compliance of patients ，wrong order imput，sudden transfer ，discharge or death of patients ，wrong dispensing or nurse check error ，etc. The management status of residual drugs was chaotic ，the disposal methods lacked of standardization ，which may lead to harm such as deterioration ，illegal Δ 基金项目：重庆市技术预见与制度创新项目（No.cstc2018jsyj- recycling and pollution . The established whole-link residual zdcxX0093） drug management model in our hospital ，mainly included ＊主管药师 ，硕士。研究方向 ：药事管理 、抗肿瘤药理 。电话： measures of introducing Clinical Departments Residual Drug 023-68774769。E-mail：513293274@qq.com Safety Management Regulations to clarify the responsibilities # 通信作者：主任药师，博士生导师，博士。研究方向：药事管理、 of management group ， clinical department ， pharmacy 临床药学。电话：023-68755580。E-mail：zrcq73@163.com department； using rational medication control software to 中国药房 2020年第31卷第8期 China Pharmacy 2020Vol. 31 No. 8 ·897· reduce prescription error ；increasing the frequ ency of drug inventory ；introducing Drug Withdrawal and Refund Management to clear out drug withdrwal process ；independently researching and developing “Residual Drug Recovery Management System ”to standardize and simplify the recovery process ；bringing the residual drugs into special fund project management for medical assistance. According to the operation management practice from Jan. to Oct. 2018，a total of more than 1 million yuan worth of residual drugs were recovered. The residual drugs that did not meet the recovery conditions should be destroyed according to the specified process ，and the case number of non-standard notification of ward management would significantly reduced. The whole-link mode management established by our hospital can effectively reduce the production of residual drugs and standardize their management and disposal. It is suggested that the state or province should issue special regulations on the management of residual drugs in medical institutions ，and each medical institution should formulate specific management measures suitable for its own unit. Meanwhile ，the management of residual drugs in medical institutions should be further standardized systematically by actively exploring the ways to reduce residual drugs ，formulating the corresponding financial account processing standards ， supporting incentive mechanism and other measures.
ABSTRACT
@#ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of mini peak flow meters in cough variant asthma (CVA). Methods131 patients with the main symptom of chronic cough whose chest X-ray showed normal were included in this study. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate of each patient was measured by mini peak flow meters during the bronchial dilation test, and the results were analyzed. ResultsThe rate of positive reaction in the test was 33.6% (44/131), of whom 40.9% (18/44) were delayed over 1 year. 16.8% (22/131) of all the patients' PEF increased 10% to 15% in after the test. ConclusionMini peak flow meters can be used in the diagnosis of CVA.